Which test evaluates if a seizure has occurred?

The Brower test is used to evaluate whether a seizure has occurred, particularly in the context of law enforcement and constitutional rights. This test assesses whether a reasonable person would feel that they were not free to leave under the circumstances presented. It examines the totality of the circumstances surrounding an encounter between law enforcement officers and individuals.

In legal terms, a "seizure" happens when an individual's freedom to leave is restrained by law enforcement, which can occur even without physical force if an officer's conduct improperly communicates to a person that they are not free to go. Therefore, applying the Brower test helps determine if that threshold has been met, ensuring the protection of individuals’ Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable searches and seizures.

The other tests mentioned do not pertain to the evaluation of seizures in a legal context, focusing instead on different aspects of law enforcement and interactions with individuals.