What role does a judge play in a bench trial?

In a bench trial, the judge serves as both the trier of fact and the authority on legal matters, which means they are responsible for determining both the facts of the case and the law that applies to those facts. Unlike jury trials, where a jury is tasked with evaluating the evidence and making factual determinations, a judge in a bench trial assesses the evidence presented, makes legal rulings, and ultimately reaches a verdict based on their evaluations of both the factual and legal elements.

This dual role allows the judge not only to interpret the law but also to apply it to the specific circumstances of the case, ensuring that all proceedings adhere to legal standards. The judge's comprehensive understanding of the law and their neutrality are critical in guiding the trial process effectively.

The other choices do not accurately reflect the role of the judge in a bench trial. For example, advising a jury is irrelevant in this context since there is no jury present. Overseeing the trial without making decisions fails to recognize the judge's active involvement in both fact-finding and legal interpretation. Moreover, a judge does not act as an attorney for either party; they maintain an impartial judicial stance to uphold fairness and justice throughout the trial.