What is one primary environmental factor that may impair the recovery of fingerprints?

Heat is a significant environmental factor that can impair the recovery of fingerprints for several reasons. High temperatures can cause moisture from the skin to evaporate more quickly, leading to drier skin and a less distinct fingerprint pattern. Additionally, heat can accelerate the breakdown of the oils and residues that are essential for clear fingerprint recovery.

In contrast, extreme cold can preserve fingerprints to some extent, as it slows down the evaporation process and can help maintain the oils that make up the fingerprint. Humidity can also play a role; it can help preserve the moisture and oils necessary for good prints, while wind might not have a significant impact on the fingerprint recovery process itself. Thus, heat stands out as a primary factor that can negatively affect the ability to recover fingerprints successfully.