What is defined as a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among races determine individual achievement?

The definition refers specifically to a belief or doctrine that attributes inherent differences among races to individual achievement, which aligns perfectly with the concept of racism. Racism not only reflects a belief in the superiority or inferiority of certain races but also implies that such beliefs dictate or predict individual capabilities and outcomes in various spheres of life, such as education, employment, and social status.

In contrast, prejudice relates to preconceived opinions or feelings about individuals based solely on their membership in a particular group. While it may involve negative feelings toward a specific race, it does not inherently carry the doctrine of attributing differences in achievement to that race.

Stereotyping involves overgeneralizations about individuals based on their race or group identity but does not necessarily encompass the belief that these differences determine achievement. Stereotypes can be positive or negative and do not always imply belief in inherent racial superiority or inferiority.

Discrimination refers to the actions taken based on prejudiced beliefs, leading to unfair treatment of individuals because of their race, among other factors. It involves a behavioral aspect rather than the belief system that defines the question.

Thus, racism is the accurate choice because it encapsulates the concept of belief in inherent racial differences influencing individual potential and achievement.