What is decomposition?

Decomposition refers to the biological process in which organic substances break down into simpler forms of matter. This process is primarily facilitated by microorganisms such as bacteria, which play a crucial role in the breakdown of tissue after death. The physical breakdown of tissue involves the decomposition of cellular structures and the release of gases and byproducts that can result in changes to the body’s appearance, odor, and chemical composition over time.

Understanding decomposition is essential in forensic science as it helps investigators estimate the time of death and assess various factors affecting the rate at which a body decomposes, including environmental conditions and the presence of different microorganisms. This concept is foundational in determining the circumstances surrounding a death and is critical for accurate forensic analysis.