What did the case Graham v. Connor establish?

The case of Graham v. Connor established the objective reasonableness test, which is a standard used to evaluate claims of excessive force by law enforcement. This decision arose from a situation where an officer's response to a suspect's behavior was scrutinized in the context of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

The objective reasonableness standard directs courts to assess whether the use of force was reasonable based on the information available to the officer at the time of the incident. This framework considers the totality of the circumstances, including the threat posed by the suspect, the severity of the crime, and whether the suspect was actively resisting arrest or attempting to flee. It ensures that the law enforcement actions are judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the benefit of hindsight.

This ruling significantly impacts law enforcement practices and helps define the boundaries within which officers must operate when using force, ultimately aiming to balance the enforcement of the law with the protection of individual rights. In contrast, the other options relate to different legal principles or rights that are not directly tied to this specific case.