What are the three types of fingerprint patterns?

The classification of fingerprint patterns is essential in the field of forensic science and law enforcement, as it helps in the identification and comparison of fingerprints for criminal investigations and other legal purposes. The three primary types of fingerprint patterns are loops, whorls, and arches.

Loops are the most common pattern, characterized by ridges that enter from one side of the fingerprint, loop around, and exit on the same side. They can be further divided into radial loops and ulnar loops, depending on the direction they curve.

Whorls are circular or spiral patterns that consist of concentric circles or a combination of whorls and loops. They are divided into different subcategories, such as plain whorl, central pocket loop, double loop, and accidental whorl.

Arches are unique patterns that rise in the center, with ridges that remain flat or slightly elevated. There are plain and tented arches, but this pattern is notably less common than loops and whorls.

Understanding these three distinct types of fingerprint patterns is crucial for correctly classifying and analyzing fingerprints in criminal justice.